Dental Sensitivity: Causes, Treatment and Prevention
Tooth sensitivity is a common problem that affects many people. It can cause sharp pain or discomfort when eating, drinking, or even breathing cold air. The good news is that in most cases, sensitivity can be managed or even prevented with the right care. In this article, we explain the main causes of dental sensitivity and what you can do about it.
What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?
Worn or Thin Enamel
Enamel is the hard outer layer that protects your teeth. When it wears down due to aggressive brushing, acidic foods and drinks, or teeth grinding, the underlying dentin becomes exposed. This makes teeth more sensitive to temperature changes and certain foods.
Gum Recession and Exposed Roots
When gums recede, the roots of the teeth become exposed. Unlike the crown of the tooth, roots are not protected by enamel, making them much more sensitive. Gum recession can be caused by gum disease, aggressive brushing, or natural aging.
Tooth Decay, Cracks, or Fillings
Cavities, cracked teeth, or old, leaking fillings can expose the inner layers of the tooth. This often leads to sensitivity, especially when eating sweet, hot, or cold foods.
Recent Dental Treatments
It is common to experience temporary sensitivity after professional teeth whitening, deep cleanings, or certain restorative procedures. This type of sensitivity usually improves within a few days or weeks. If you recently had whitening and are experiencing sensitivity, you can read more about it here.
How to Treat Tooth Sensitivity
Treatment depends on the cause, but several options can help reduce or eliminate sensitivity:
- Desensitizing toothpaste: These contain ingredients that help block pain signals from the tooth surface. Consistent use over a few weeks often brings relief.
- Fluoride treatments: Professional fluoride applications can strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
- Dental bonding or sealants: In some cases, covering exposed areas with bonding material can protect the tooth.
- Gum grafts: If gum recession is severe, a gum graft procedure can cover exposed roots.
- Root canal treatment: In rare cases where sensitivity is severe and persistent, a root canal may be recommended.
How to Prevent Dental Sensitivity
Prevention is often the best approach. Here are practical steps you can take:
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoid brushing too hard.
- Use desensitizing toothpaste regularly, even if you don’t currently have sensitivity.
- Limit acidic foods and drinks (citrus, soda, wine) and rinse your mouth with water afterward.
- Wear a night guard if you grind your teeth.
- Maintain good oral hygiene and visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.
- Avoid using whitening products too frequently without professional guidance.
When to See a Dentist
If tooth sensitivity lasts more than a few weeks, becomes severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms (such as pain when biting or visible damage), it’s important to get it checked. Sensitivity can sometimes be a sign of an underlying issue like decay or a cracked tooth that needs professional treatment.
At Smiles Peru, we can evaluate the cause of your sensitivity and recommend the most appropriate treatment for your situation.
